shǒu

The hand,handy,skilled,workman. It is the radical, No. 64. When written at the side called  提手 dīshǒu. is the picture of a side view of the hand, 手 is the full palm.

扌 (龵) when used as a left Chinese radical

Compounds
手臂 shǒubì – arm
手表 shŏubiăo – wristwatch
手册 shǒucè – handbook; manual
手法 shǒufǎ – technique; trick; skill;
手风琴 shǒufēngqín – accordion
手工 shǒugōng – handwork; handicraft
手机 shǒujī – mobile phone
手枪 shǒuqiāng – handgun, pistol
手术 shǒushù – surgery; medical operation
手套 shǒutào – glove; mitten
手语 shǒuyǔ – sign language
手掌 shǒuzhǎng – palm
手指 shǒuzhǐ – finger

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tiān

Heaven, the sky, a day, the weather, celestial ; the Emperor, great, high, any superior over an inferior; moral superiority

大 dà great, is the radical, but the meaning of the character is not the one 一 great 大 as it is often translated, but the one sky 一 which is over man 大 ; thus it is an indicative character, not a logical combination.

Compounds

春天 chūntiān – spring
夏天 xiàtiān – summer
秋天 qiūtiān – autumn/fall
冬天 dōngtiān – winter
前天 qiăntiān – the day before yesterday
昨天 zuótiān – yesterday
今天 jīntiān – today
明天 míngtiān – tomorrow
后天 hòutiān – the day after tomorrow
星期天 xīngqītiān – Sunday
天气 tiānqì – the weather
天天 tiāntiān – every day
天蓝 tiānlán – blue, azure
天下 tiānxià – the world (under the sky)

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門 mēn

Gate, radical 169, is picture of a two-leaved gate turning on pivots (戶, hù being a one-leaved door). This may have been taken to form the sign of the plumJ hecause it is a door with two leaves.

Compounds
门把 ménbà – door handle; door knob

Learn more about 门 at Wikionary

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zhōng

The middle, among, to hit the mark, attain, pass an examination. The character represents a square target pierced in the center by an arrow. The form of the target is lost in this modem writing.

Compounds
中央 zhōngyāng – central
中间 zhōngjiān – middle
中国 zhōngguó – China
中东 zhōngdōng – Middle East

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mù

Depiction of the human eye, rotated 90 degrees

An eye (which is the radical, No. 109), a picture tilled

Compound
目的 mùdì – objective; goal; target; aim; purpose
目前 mùqián – at present; right now

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mù

Wood, is the radical, No. 75.

Wood or tree: branches on top, roots on the bottom (more visible in earlier forms)

Compounds
木板 mùbǎn – board, plank
木工 mùgōng – woodwork, carpentry
木瓜 mùguā – papaya
木马 mùmǎ – wooden horse
木琴 mùqín – xylophone

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kǒu

The word for mouth resembles an opening or orifice

Mouth or opening is the radical, No. 30

Compound
口琴 kǒuqín – harmonica
口红 kǒuhóng – lipstick
口才 kǒucái – eloquence
口臭 kǒuchòu – bad breath
口水 kǒushuǐ – saliva; slobber; drool

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rì

A pictograph of the sun.

Sun or day. Also  the 72nd radical

Compounds
日报 rìbào – daily newspaper
日本 rìběn – Japan
日出 rìchū – sunrise
日记 rìjì – diary
日期 rìqī – date; day

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dà

Great,  37th radical, resembles a person 人 with arms stretched out as far as possible, implying the meaning of big/great/large

Compounds
大胆 dàdǎn – bold; daring; defiant
大地 dàdì – earth, Mother Earth
大家 dàjiā – everyone; everybody
大声 dàshēng – loudly; in a loud voice
大象 dàxiàng – elephant
大学 dàxué – college; university
大衣 dàyī – overcoat; topcoat
大意 dàyì – careless; negligent
大肚子 dàdùzi – pregnant

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yuè

The moon, is the radical, No.74. A picture of the crescent moon completely visible (compare 夕 xī No. 14)

The word for moon is shaped like a crescent. Also means month since ancient calendar are based on the lunar cycle.
Compounds
月饼 yuèbǐng – moon cake
月亮 yuèliang – moon
月票 yuèpiào – monthly ticket (buspass, train ticket, etc.)

Months of the year

一月 yīyuè – January
二月 èryuè – February
三月 sānyuè – March
四月 sìyuè – April
五月 wŭyuè – May
六月 liùyuè – June
七月 qīyuè – July
八月 bāyuè – August
九月 jiŭyuè – September
十月 shíyuè – October
十一月 shíyīyuè – November
十二月 shíèryuè – December

Learn more about 月 at Wikionary

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